Dentistry Online presents the latest abstracts published examining the factors contributing to dental implant fractures.
Analysis of the causes of dental implant fracture: A retrospective clinical study
Stoichkov B, Kirov D (2018) Quintessence Int 49(4): 279-86
Objective
Fracture of osseointegrated dental implants is the most severe mechanical complication. The aim of the present study was to analyse possible causative factors for implant body fracture.
Method and materials
One hundred and one patients with 218 fitted implants and a follow-up period of three to 10 years were studied.
Factors associated with biomechanical and physiologic overloading such as parafunctional activity (eg, bruxism), occlusion, and cantilevers, and factors related to the planning of the dental prosthesis, available bone volume, implant area, implant diameter, number of implants, and their inclination were tracked.
The impact of their effect was analysed using the Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc Mann-Whitney test for each group.
Results
The incidence of dental implant fracture was 2.3% in the investigated cases. Improper treatment planning, bruxism, and time of the complication setting in were the main factors leading to this complication.
Typical size effect was established only for available bruxism, occlusal errors, and their activity duration. These complications were observed most often with single crown prostheses, and in combination with parafunctional activities such as bruxism and lack of implant-protected occlusion.
Conclusion
Occlusal overload due to bruxism or inappropriate or inadequate occlusion as a single factor or a combination of these factors during the first years after the functional load can cause implant fracture.
Fracture of the implant body more frequently occurred with single crowns than with other implant-supported fixed dental prostheses.
Internal and marginal fit and fracture strength of narrow diameter dental implant-abutment assembly
Ruschel GH, Bacchi A, Moris ICM, Poole SF, Ribeiro RF, Gomes ÉA (2020) Braz Dent J 31(2): 127-34
Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the internal and vertical marginal fit of metallic copings to abutments and the fracture strength of different narrow diameter dental implant/abutments, either submitted to thermomechanical cycling or not.
Material and methods
Sixty-four implant/abutments (n=16) were divided into four groups according to diameter and abutment type. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=8): submitted and not submitted to thermomechanical cycling (TMC).
To assess internal and vertical marginal fit of metallic copings, the assemblies were scanned using microtomography (micro-CT) (n=5). The samples were subjected to the compressive strength test on a universal test machine.
Results
The group comprising morse taper implants of 3.5mm diameter plus universal abutment with beveled chamfer finish showed the highest marginal misfit regardless of TMC (p<0.05). All other groups were similar after TMC.
The group comprising morse taper friction implants of 2.8mm diameter plus anatomical abutment showed the lowest internal misfit, both with and without TMC (p<0.05). This group also showed the highest fracture strength, similar only to one-piece implants of 2.5mm diameter with indexed hexagonal platform (without TMC), and morse taper implants of 2.9mm diameter plus universal abutment with shoulder finish (with TMC).
Conclusion
The type of abutment affects the internal and marginal fit of metallic copings and the anatomical abutment led to the best internal and marginal coping fit.
The narrow diameter dental implant/abutments differ in terms of fracture strength, the strongest assembly was that composed by implant of type V grade titanium without internal threads (friction implant).
Resistance to fracture in fixed dental prostheses over cemented and screw-retained implant-supported zirconia cantilevers in the anterior region: an in vitro study
Rues S, Kappel S, Ruckes D, Rammelsberg P, Zenthöfer A (2020) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 35(3): 521-9
Purpose
To evaluate the resistance to fracture in cantilevered fixed dental prostheses (cFDPs) of single implant-supported zirconia cantilevers in the anterior region.
Materials and methods
Thirty-two cemented and solely screw-retained cFDPs consisting of an implant-supported crown replacing the central incisor and an attached cantilever unit in the position of the lateral incisor in the maxilla were constructed by computer-aided design (CAD) and machined by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). For the cemented solution, a cFDP was designed on top of a customised abutment luted to an adhesive base.
For screw-retained cFDPs, abutment, cement gap, and restoration of the cementable design were combined. All cFDPs were veneered manually on the facial side. Half of the samples underwent artificial ageing (thermocycling and chewing simulation) before fracture tests were conducted with loads applied to the pontic either parallel to the implant axis (axial loading on the pontic) or tilted lingually by α = 45 degrees (oblique loading on the pontic). Thus, there were eight groups differing in cFDP design, artificial aging, and load application (n = 8/group).
If fracture (Fu,total) occurred within the implant components, the adhesive base was replaced by a cast CoCr base, and the cFDP’s fracture resistance (Fu,cFDP) was also determined. Using statistical analyses (SPSS 24, IBM), factors affecting fracture resistance were identified.
Results
Fu,total was mainly correlated to screw fractures and therefore not affected by cFDP design. Oblique loading on the pontic (Fu,total = 231 N – 352 N) however, led to a significant (P < .001) decrease in ultimate load compared with axial loading on the pontic (Fu,total = 611 N – 815 N). In relation to Fu,total, Fu,cFDP was approximately twice as high for both loading conditions.
Conclusion
When relating the results to maximum occlusal forces exerted in the maxillary anterior region, single implant-supported cFDPs can be a viable restorative treatment option.
Fracture resistance after implantoplasty in three implant-abutment connection designs
Camps-Font O, González-Barnadas A, Mir-Mari J, Figueiredo R, Gay-Escoda C, Valmaseda-Castellón E (2020) Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 25(5): e691-9
Background
To assess the effect of implantoplasty and implant-abutment design on the fracture resistance and macroscopic morphology of narrow-diameter (3.5 mm) dental implants.
Material and methods
Screw-shaped titanium dental implants (n = 48) were studied in vitro. Three groups (n = 16) were established, based on implant-abutment connection type: external hexagon, internal hexagon and conical.
Eight implants from each group were subjected to an implantoplasty procedure; the remaining eight implants served as controls. Implant wall thickness was recorded. All samples were subjected to a static strength test.
Results
The mean wall thickness reductions varied between 106.46 and 153.75 µm. The mean fracture strengths for the control and test groups were, respectively, 1211.90±89.95 N and 873.11±92.37 N in the external hexagon implants; 918.41±97.19 N and 661.29±58.03 N in the internal hexagon implants; and 1058.67±114.05 N and 747.32±90.05 N in the conical connection implants. Implant wall thickness and fracture resistance (P < 0.001) showed a positive correlation. Fracture strength was influenced by both implantoplasty (P < 0.001) and connection type (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Implantoplasty in diameter-reduced implants decreases implant wall thickness and fracture resistance, and varies depending on the implant-abutment connection. Internal hexagon and conical connection implants seem to be more prone to fracture after implantoplasty.
Search criteria
These abstracts were curated from a search on Pubmed using the keywords dental implants, implant fracture and implant screw fracture.
This article first appeared in Implant Dentistry Today magazine. You can read the latest issue here.
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